Personal Narrative My First Job - 992 Words

Khalayia Harris Composition I Granada Hamilton 8 September 2017 My Very First Job As teenager, many people say their adolescence is one of the most important phases in anyone’s life. As a teenager, you get to experience many great events like going to high school football games, dating your first boyfriend or girlfriend, getting your driver license, and graduating from high school. As I look back, I believe that getting my first job was the most important event in my adolescence. I was very enthusiastic about getting my first job. I enjoyed that fact that I will be able to earn my own money and not having to ask my mother for any earn. Surprising, there was only one obstacle that was holding me back and that was the fact that I was a†¦show more content†¦The next morning, I woke up at 9:30am to prepare myself for my second day at McDonalds. I got dress into my uniform and jumped into the car to go to work. I arrived at McDonald and noticed that it was very busy inside. As I walked in, I was automatically being placed on front cou nter to take order but I was very nervous to take order because I didn’t know how to take them. My manager taught me how to take the order and after a while I began to start taking orders without any help. Everything was going great until one customer came into store with complaint. I politely asked if he needed help, then angrily started yell at me about his order being incorrect. The man even started to blame me for incorrectly bagging his food. His yelling was so loud that my manager and even customer had to calm him down and escort him out of the store. At the end of shift, I talked to manager and told her that I wanted quit because the customer made me so upset and embarrassed. She told me quitting would be the wrong option and she told me that her and the other managers liked me working there. After working at McDonalds for three weeks, I began to make new friends and was glad that I didn’t decide to quit my job. I enjoyed that I could earn my own money and didnà ¢â‚¬â„¢t have to ask my mother for money anymore. Work had been great after the first customer incident happened. I had not received any customer complaints and my manager said that I might employee of theShow MoreRelatedPersonal Narrative : My First Corporate Job859 Words   |  4 Pages I remember when I started my first corporate job. Now I’ve been thru countless jobs before, but this one was a huge blessing. The job was Pratt Whitney and they manufactured airplane parts for the military and other air crafting companies. Cool right? Try to imagine a young teenager walking in this huge corporation on his first day full of grown men and women who are in their late 20’s and above. The feeling was very overwhelming. As a temp my job was to polish air plane parts. Now when I sayRead MoreWriting Reflection Essay631 Words   |  3 Pagestypically need time to get my thoughts in order. 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The Vampire Diaries Dark Reunion Chapter Thirteen Free Essays

string(46) " that secret to strangers for the first time\." June 19, Friday, 11:45 p.m. Dear Diary, Oh, God, what are we going to do? This has been the longest week of my life. We will write a custom essay sample on The Vampire Diaries: Dark Reunion Chapter Thirteen or any similar topic only for you Order Now Today was the last day of school and tomorrow Stefan is leaving. He’s going to Europe to search for a vampire who got changed by Klaus. He says he doesn’t want to leave us unprotected. But he’s going to go. We can’t find Tyler. His car disappeared from the cemetery, but he hasn’t turned up at school. He’s missed every final this week. Not that the rest of us are doing much better. I wish Robert E. Lee was like the schools that have all their finals before graduation. I don’t know whether I’m writing English or Swahili these days. I hate Klaus. From what I saw he’s as crazy as Katherine-and even crueler. What he did to Vickie-but I can’t even talk about that or I’ll start crying again. He was just playing with us at Caroline’s party, like a cat with a mouse. And to do it on Meredith’s birthday, too-although I suppose he couldn’t have known that. He seems to know a lot, though. He doesn’t talk like a foreigner, not like Stefan did when he first came to America, and he knows all about American things, even songs from the fifties. Maybe he’s been over here for a while†¦ Bonnie stopped writing. She thought desperately. All this time, they had been thinking of victims in Europe, of vampires. But from the way Klaus talked, he had obviously been in America a long time. He didn’t sound foreign at all. And he’d chosen to attack the girls on Meredith’s birthday†¦ Bonnie got up, reached for the telephone, and called Meredith’s number. A sleepy male voice answered. â€Å"Mr. Sulez, this is Bonnie. Can I speak to Meredith?† â€Å"Bonnie! Don’t you know what time it is?† â€Å"Yes.† Bonnie thought quickly. â€Å"But it’s about-about a final we had today. Please, I have to talk with her.† There was a long pause, then a heavy sigh. â€Å"Just a minute.† Bonnie tapped her fingers impatiently as she waited. At last there was the click of another phone being picked up. â€Å"Bonnie?† came Meredith’s voice. â€Å"What’s wrong?† â€Å"Nothing. I mean-† Bonnie was excruciatingly conscious of the open line, of the fact that Meredith’s father hadn’t hung up. He might be listening. â€Å"It’s about-that German problem we’ve been working on. You remember. The one we couldn’t figure out for the final. You know how we’ve been looking for the one person who can help us solve it? Well, I think I know who it is.† â€Å"No,† Bonnie said, â€Å"it doesn’t. It hits a lot closer to home, Meredith. A lot. In fact, you could say it’s right in your own backyard, hanging on your family tree.† The line was silent so long Bonnie wondered if Meredith was still there. â€Å"Meredith?† â€Å"I’m thinking. Does this solution have anything to do with coincidence?† â€Å"Nope.† Bonnie relaxed and smiled slightly, grimly. Meredith had it now. â€Å"Not a thing to do with coincidence. It’s more a case of history repeating itself. Deliberately repeating itself, if you see what I mean.† â€Å"Yes,† Meredith said. She sounded as if she were recovering from a shock, and no wonder. â€Å"You know, I think you just may be right. But there’s still the matter of persuading-this person-to actually help us.† â€Å"You think that may be a problem?† â€Å"I think it could. Sometimes people get very rattled-about a test. Sometimes they even kind of lose their minds.† Bonnie’s heart sank. This was something that hadn’t occurred to her. What if he couldn’t tell them? What if he were that far gone? â€Å"All we can do is try,† she said, making her voice as optimistic as possible. â€Å"Tomorrow we’ll have to try.† â€Å"All right. I’ll pick you up at noon. Good night, Bonnie.† â€Å"Night, Meredith.† Bonnie added, â€Å"I’m sorry.† â€Å"No, I think it may be for the best. So that history doesn’t continue to repeat itself forever. Good-bye.† Bonnie pressed the disconnect button on the handset, clicking it off. Then she just sat for a few minutes, her finger on the button, staring at the wall. Finally she replaced the handset in its cradle and picked up her diary again. She put a period on the last sentence and added a new one. We are going to see Meredith’s grandfather tomorrow. â€Å"I’m an idiot,† Stefan said in Meredith’s car the next day. They were going to West Virginia, to the institution where Meredith’s grandfather was a patient. It was going to be a fairly long drive. â€Å"We’re all idiots. Except Bonnie,† Matt said. Even in the midst of her anxiety Bonnie felt a warm glow at that. But Meredith was shaking her head, eyes on the road. â€Å"Stefan, you couldn’t have realized, so stop beating up on yourself. You didn’t know that Klaus attacked Caroline’s party on the anniversary of the attack on my grandfather. And it didn’t occur to Matt or me that Klaus could have been in America for so long because we never saw Klaus or heard him speak. We were thinking of people he could have attacked in Europe. Really, Bonnie was the only one who could have put it all together, because she had all the information.† â€Å"I won’t; modesty is one of my most charming qualities,† Bonnie replied. Matt snorted, but then he said, â€Å"I still think it was pretty smart,† which started the glow all over again. The institution was a terrible place. Bonnie tried as hard as she could to conceal her horror and disgust, but she knew Meredith could sense it. Meredith’s shoulders were stiff with defensive pride as she walked down the halls in front of them. Bonnie, who had known her for so many years, could see the humiliation underneath that pride. Meredith’s parents considered her grandfather’s condition such a blot that they never allowed him to be mentioned to outsiders. It had been a shadow over the entire family. And now Meredith was showing that secret to strangers for the first time. You read "The Vampire Diaries: Dark Reunion Chapter Thirteen" in category "Essay examples" Bonnie felt a rush of love and admiration for her friend. It was so like Meredith to do it without fuss, with dignity, letting nobody see what it cost her. But the institution was still terrible. It wasn’t filthy or filled with raving maniacs or anything like that. The patients looked clean and well cared for. But there was something about the sterile hospital smells and the halls crowded with motionless wheelchairs and blank eyes that made Bonnie want to run. It was like a building full of zombies. Bonnie saw one old woman, her pink scalp showing through thin white hair, slumped with her head on the table next to a naked plastic doll. When Bonnie reached out desperately, she found Matt’s hand already reaching for hers. They followed Meredith that way, holding on so hard it hurt. â€Å"This is his room.† Inside was another zombie, this one with white hair that still showed an occasional fleck of black like Meredith’s. His face was a mass of wrinkles and lines, the eyes rheumy and rimmed with scarlet. They stared vacantly. â€Å"Granddad,† Meredith said, kneeling in front of his wheelchair, â€Å"Granddad, it’s me, Meredith. I’ve come to visit you. I’ve got something important to ask you.† The old eyes never flickered. â€Å"Sometimes he knows us,† Meredith said quietly, without emotion. â€Å"But mostly these days he doesn’t.† The old man just went on staring. Stefan dropped to his heels. â€Å"Let me try,† he said. Looking into the wrinkled face he began to speak, softly, soothingly, as he had to Vickie. And no matter what Meredith or Stefan did, that was all the response they could elicit. Eventually Bonnie tried, using her psychic powers. She could sense something in the old man, some spark of life trapped in the imprisoning flesh. But she couldn’t reach it. â€Å"I’m sorry,† she said, sitting back and pushing hair out of her eyes. â€Å"It’s no use. I can’t do anything.† â€Å"Maybe we can come another time,† Matt said, but Bonnie knew it wasn’t true. Stefan was leaving tomorrow; there would never be another time. And it had seemed like such a good idea†¦ The glow that had warmed her earlier was ashes now, and her heart felt like a lump of lead. She turned away to see Stefan already starting out of the room. Matt put a hand under her elbow to help her up and guide her out. And after standing for a minute with her head bent in discouragement, Bonnie let him. It was hard to summon up enough energy to put one foot in front of the other. She glanced back dully to see whether Meredith was following- And screamed. Meredith was standing in the center of the room, facing the door, discouragement written on her face. But behind her, the figure in the wheelchair had stirred at last. In a silent explosion of movement, it had reared above her, the rheumy old eyes open wide and the mouth open wider. Meredith’s grandfather looked as if he had been caught in the act of leaping-arms flung out, mouth forming a silent howl. Bonnie’s screams rang from the rafters. Everything happened at once then. Stefan came charging back in, Meredith spun around, Matt grabbed for her. But the old figure didn’t leap. He stood towering above all of them, staring over their heads, seeming to see something none of them could. Sounds were coming from his mouth at last, sounds that formed one ululating word. â€Å"Vampire! Vampiire!† Attendants were in the room, crowding Bonnie and the others away, restraining the old man. Their shouts added to the pandemonium. â€Å"Vampire! Vampire!† Meredith’s grandfather caterwauled, as if warning the town. Bonnie felt panicked-was he looking at Stefan? Was it an accusation? â€Å"Please, you’ll have to leave now. I’m sorry, but you’ll have to go,† a nurse was saying. They were being whisked out. Meredith fought as she was forced out into the hall. â€Å"Granddaddy-!† And then: â€Å"White ash wood! Vampire! White ash wood-â€Å" The door slammed shut. Meredith gasped, fighting tears. Bonnie had her nails dug into Matt’s arm. Stefan turned to them, green eyes wide with shock. â€Å"I said, you’ll have to leave now,† the harassed nurse was repeating impatiently. The four of them ignored her. They were all looking at each other, stunned confusion giving way to realization in their faces. â€Å"Tyler said there was only one kind of wood that could hurt him-† Matt began. â€Å"White ash wood,† said Stefan. â€Å"We’ll have to find out where he’s hiding,† Stefan said on the way home. He was driving, since Meredith had dropped the keys at the car door. â€Å"That’s the first thing. If we rush this, we could warn him off.† His green eyes were shining with a queer mixture of triumph and grim determination, and he spoke in a clipped and rapid voice. They were all on the ragged edge, Bonnie thought, as if they’d been gulping uppers all night. Their nerves were frayed so thin that anything could happen. She had a sense, too, of impending cataclysm. As if everything were coming to a head, all the events since Meredith’s birthday party gathering to a conclusion. Tonight, she thought. Tonight it all happens. It seemed strangely appropriate that it should be the eve of the solstice. â€Å"The eve of what?† Matt said. She hadn’t even realized she’d spoken aloud. â€Å"The eve of the solstice,† she said. â€Å"That’s what today is. The day before the summer solstice.† â€Å"Don’t tell me. Druids, right?† â€Å"They celebrated it,† Bonnie confirmed. â€Å"It’s a day for magic, for marking the change of the seasons. And†¦Ã¢â‚¬  she hesitated. â€Å"Well, it’s like all other feast days, like Halloween or the winter solstice. A day when the line between the visible world and the invisible world is thin. When you can see ghosts, they used to say. When things happen.† â€Å"Things,† Stefan said, turning onto the main highway that headed back toward Fell’s Church, â€Å"are going to happen.† None of them realized how soon. Mrs. Flowers was in the back garden. They had driven straight to the boarding house to look for her. She was pruning rosebushes, and the smell of summer surrounded her. â€Å"Slow down, slow down now,† she said, peering at them from under the brim of her straw hat. â€Å"What is it you want? White ash? There’s one just down beyond those oak trees in back. Now, wait a minute-† she added as they all scrambled off again. Stefan ringed a branch of the tree with a jack-knife Matt produced from his pocket. I wonder when he started carrying that? Bonnie thought. She also wondered what Mrs. Flowers thought of them as they came back, the two boys carrying the leafy six-foot bough between them on their shoulders. But Mrs. Flowers just looked without saying anything. As they neared the house, though, she called after them, â€Å"A package came for you, boy.† Stefan turned his head, the branch still on his shoulder. â€Å"For me?† â€Å"It had your name on it. A package and a letter. I found them on the front porch this afternoon. I put them upstairs in your room.† Bonnie looked at Meredith, then at Matt and Stefan, meeting their bewildered, suspicious gazes in turn. The anticipation in the air heightened suddenly, almost unbearably. â€Å"But who could it be from? Who could even know you’re here-† she began as they climbed the stairs to the attic. And then she stopped, dread fluttering between her ribs. Premonition was buzzing around inside her like a nagging fly, but she pushed it away. Not now, she thought, not now. But there was no way to keep from seeing the package on Stefan’s desk. The boys propped the white ash branch against the wall and went to look at it, a longish, flattish parcel wrapped in brown paper, with a creamy envelope on top. On the front, in familiar crazy handwriting, was scrawled Stefan. The handwriting from the mirror. They all stood staring down at the package as if it were a scorpion. â€Å"Watch out,† Meredith said as Stefan slowly reached for it. Bonnie knew what she meant. She felt as if the whole thing might explode or belch poisonous gas or turn into something with teeth and claws. The envelope Stefan picked up was square and sturdy, made of good paper with a fine finish. Like a prince’s invitation to the ball, Bonnie thought. But incongruously, there were several dirty fingerprints on the surface and the edges were grimy. Well- Klaus hadn’t looked any too clean in the dream. Stefan glanced at front and back and then tore the envelope open. He pulled out a single piece of heavy stationery. The other three crowded around, looking over his shoulder as he unfolded it. Then Matt gave an exclamation. â€Å"What the†¦ it’s blank!† It was. On both sides. Stefan turned it over and examined each. His face was tense, shuttered. Everyone else relaxed, though, making noises of disgust. A stupid practical joke. Meredith had reached for the package, which looked flat enough to be empty as well, when Stefan suddenly stiffened, his breath hissing in. Bonnie glanced quickly over and jumped. Meredith’s hand froze on the package, and Matt swore. Stefan- Shall we try to solve this like gentlemen? I have the girl. Come to the old farmhouse in the woods after dark and we’ll talk, just the two of us. Come alone and I’ll let her go. Bring anyone else and she dies. There was no signature, but at the bottom the words appeared This is between you and me. â€Å"What girl?† Matt was demanding, looking from Bonnie to Meredith as if to make sure they were still there. â€Å"What girl?† With a sharp motion, Meredith’s elegant fingers tore the package open and pulled out what was inside. A pale green scarf with a pattern of vines and leaves. Bonnie remembered it perfectly, and a vision came to her in a rush. Confetti and birthday presents, orchids and chocolate. â€Å"Caroline,† she whispered, and shut her eyes. These last two weeks had been so strange, so different from ordinary high school life, that she had almost forgotten Caroline existed. Caroline had gone off to an apartment in another town to escape, to be safe-but Meredith had said it to her in the beginning. He can follow you to Heron, I’m sure. â€Å"He was just playing with us again,† Bonnie murmured. â€Å"He let us get this far, even going to see your grandfather, Meredith, and then†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"He must have known,† Meredith agreed. â€Å"He must have known all along we were looking for a victim. And now he’s checkmated us. Unless-† Her dark eyes lit with sudden hope. â€Å"Bonnie, you don’t think Caroline could have dropped this scarf the night of the party? And that he just picked it up?† â€Å"No.† The premonition was buzzing closer and Bonnie swatted at it, trying to keep it away. She didn’t want it, didn’t want to know. But she felt certain of one thing: this wasn’t a bluff. Klaus had Caroline. â€Å"What are we going to do?† she said softly. â€Å"I know what we’re not going to do, and that’s listen to him,† Matt said. † ‘Try to solve it like gentlemen’-he’s scum, not a gentleman. It’s a trap.† â€Å"Of course it’s a trap,† Meredith said impatiently. â€Å"He waited until we found out how to hurt him and now he’s trying to separate us. But it won’t work!† Bonnie had been watching Stefan’s face with growing dismay. Because while Matt and Meredith were indignantly talking, he had been quietly folding up the letter and putting it back in its envelope. Now he stood gazing down at it, his face still, untouched by anything that was going on around him. And the look in his green eyes scared Bonnie. â€Å"I think,† said Stefan carefully, concentrating on each word, â€Å"that I am going out to the woods after dark.† Matt nodded, and like the quarterback he was, began to chart out a plan. â€Å"Okay, you go distract him. And meanwhile, the three of us-â€Å" â€Å"The three of you,† Stefan continued just as deliberately, looking right at him, â€Å"are going home. To bed.† There was a pause that seemed endless to Bonnie’s taut nerves. The others just stared at Stefan. At last Meredith said lightly, â€Å"Well, it’s going to be hard to catch him while we’re in bed unless he’s kind enough to come visiting.† That broke the tension and Matt said, drawing a long-suffering breath, â€Å"All right, Stefan, I understand how you feel about this-† But Stefan interrupted. â€Å"I’m dead serious, Matt. Klaus is right; this is between him and me. And he says to come alone or he’ll hurt Caroline. So I’m going alone. It’s my decision.† â€Å"It’s your funeral,† Bonnie blurted out, almost hysterically. â€Å"Stefan, you’re crazy. You can’t.† â€Å"Watch me.† â€Å"We won’t let you-â€Å" â€Å"Do you think,† Stefan said, looking at her, â€Å"that you could stop me if you tried?† This silence was acutely uncomfortable. Staring at him, Bonnie felt as if Stefan had changed somehow before her eyes. His face seemed sharper, his posture different, as if to remind her of the lithe, hard predator’s muscles under his clothes. All at once he seemed distant, alien. Frightening. Bonnie looked away. â€Å"Let’s be reasonable about this,† Matt was saying, changing tactics. â€Å"Let’s just stay calm and talk this over-â€Å" â€Å"There’s nothing to talk over. I’m going. You’re not.† â€Å"You owe us more than that, Stefan,† Meredith said, and Bonnie felt grateful for her cool voice. â€Å"Okay, so you can tear us all limb from limb; fine, no argument. We get the point. But after all we’ve been through together, we deserve more of a thorough discussion before you go running off.† â€Å"You said it was the girls’ fight too,† Matt added. â€Å"When did you decide it wasn’t?† â€Å"No, it isn’t!† Bonnie cried. â€Å"Did you make Elena kill Katherine?† â€Å"I made Katherine go back to Klaus! That’s how this got started. And I got Caroline involved; if it wasn’t for me, she would never have hated Elena, never have gotten in with Tyler. I have a responsibility toward her.† â€Å"You just want to believe that,† Bonnie almost yelled. â€Å"Klaus hates all of us! Do you really think he’s going to let you walk out of there? Do you think he plans to leave the rest of us alone?† â€Å"No,† Stefan said, and picked up the branch leaning against the wall. He took Matt’s knife out of his own pocket and began to strip the twigs off, making it into a straight white spear. â€Å"Oh, great, you’re going off for single combat!† Matt said, furious. â€Å"Don’t you see how stupid that is? You’re walking right into his trap!† He advanced a step on Stefan. â€Å"You may not think that the three of us can stop you-â€Å" â€Å"No, Matt.† Meredith’s low, level voice cut across the room. â€Å"It won’t do any good.† Stefan looked at her, the muscles around his eyes hardening, but she just looked back, her face set and calm. â€Å"So you’re determined to meet Klaus face to face, Stefan. All right. But before you go, at least be sure you have a fighting chance.† Coolly, she began to unbutton the neck of her tailored blouse. Bonnie felt a jolt, even though she’d offered the same thing only a week earlier. But that had been in private, for God’s sake, she thought. Then she shrugged. Public or private, what difference did it make? She looked at Matt, whose face reflected his consternation. Then she saw Matt’s brow crease and the beginning of that stubborn, bullheaded expression that used to terrify the coaches of op-posing football teams. His blue eyes turned to hers and she nodded, thrusting out her chin. Without a word, she unzipped the light wind-breaker she was wearing and Matt pulled off his T-shirt. Stefan stared from one to another of the three people grimly disrobing in his room, trying to conceal his own shock. But he shook his head, the white spear in front of him like a weapon. â€Å"No.† â€Å"Don’t be a jerk, Stefan,† Matt snapped. Even in the confusion of this terrible moment something inside Bonnie paused to admire his bare chest. â€Å"There’s three of us. You should be able to take plenty without hurting any one of us.† â€Å"I said, no! Not for revenge, and not to fight evil with evil! Not for any reason. I thought you would understand that.† Stefan’s look at Matt was bitter. â€Å"I understand that you’re going to die out there!† Matt shouted. â€Å"He’s right!† Bonnie pressed her knuckles against her lips. The premonition was getting through her defenses. She didn’t want to let it in, but she didn’t have the strength to resist anymore. With a shudder, she felt it stab through and heard the words in her mind. For a moment, just a moment, she thought he might listen to her. Then his face went hard again and he spoke coldly. â€Å"It isn’t your problem. Let me worry about it.† â€Å"But if there’s no way to win-† Matt began. â€Å"That isn’t what Bonnie said!† Stefan replied tersely. â€Å"Yes, it is! What the hell are you talking about?† Matt shouted. It was hard to make Matt lose his temper, but once lost it wasn’t easily gotten back. â€Å"Stefan, I’ve had enough-â€Å" â€Å"And so have I!† Stefan shot back in a roar. In a tone Bonnie had never heard him use before. â€Å"I’m sick of you all, sick of your bickering and your spinelessness-and your premonitions, too! This is my problem.† â€Å"I thought we were a team-† Matt cried. â€Å"We are not a team. You are a bunch of stupid humans! Even with everything that’s happened to you, deep down you just want to live your safe little lives in your safe little houses until you go to your safe little graves! I’m nothing like you and I don’t want to be! I’ve put up with you this long because I had to, but this is the end.† He looked at each of them and spoke deliberately, emphasizing each word. â€Å"I don’t need any of you. I don’t want you with me, and I don’t want you following me. You’ll only spoil my strategy. Anyone who does follow me, I’ll kill.† And with one last smoldering glance, he turned on his heel and walked out. How to cite The Vampire Diaries: Dark Reunion Chapter Thirteen, Essay examples

Law of Business Associations for Corporation Act - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theLaw of Business Associations for Corporation Act. Answer: Issue Can Max able to enforce the clause in the constitution making him the company solicitor? Rules The Corporation Act has legislated in the section 136 about the company where it has right to form the constitution for effective according to the relatable company and every members of the corporation. The section 9 of the Corporation Act has also legislates the special resolution where the members of the company like shareholders must present their votes of at least 75% which should passed such resolution in favor of the shareholders. According to the case facts the directors of CCP has passed a special resolution for the alteration of the corporations constitution where they inserted a new clause giving the board the right to expropriate the shareholding of members only less than 10% of the total shares issued (Donner 2016). Directors are bound on duty towards the shareholder of the company and other members. The section 181 of the Corporation Act provided the legislations where directors are bound to do their duties with care and diligence good faith and must not misuse their position. If they breached the duty of section 181 180 to 183 and 184 under the corporation act therefore the members of the shareholders of the corporation can take legal action against them (Coffee Jr, Sale and Henderson 2015). Application According to the case fact when Max has been engaged as a solicitor with the company he has included a clause in the constitution while appointing himself as a company solicitor and must not replaced except for negligence towards the company. The director must know about the clause where they cannot replace in until and unless Max engaged with any activities of negligence but in the General Meeting they have passed a special resolution to alter the companys constitution and inserted a new clause giving the board the right to expropriate the shareholdings of members on in less than 10% of the total shares issued (Hiller 2013). Therefore as being the directors of the company they must owned the duties of work with the corporation along with proper care and diligence good faith and should not misuse their position in the company but they breach the section of 181, 182 to 183 and 184 of the Corporation Act while passed a new resolution and fire Max without any negligence from him. Theref ore Max can take legal action against them (Coffee Jr, Sale and Henderson 2015). Conclusion Max can take legal action against the directors for breached their duties. Issue As per the case facts the issues has been found whether the inclusion of the clause allowing the director to expropriate his shares even though the other shareholders have passed a special resolution? Rules The special resolution is introduced when the company wants to change their name, types style or any other extra clauses regarding the related with the Corporation then the corporation act provides such legislations. It should be formed under a specific criteria before it should be passed or voted by the members of the board of the company under the special resolution act. The section 9 of the Corporation Act has defined such legislation where the special resolution for the cooperation must be introduced where 75% of the vote should casted should provide by the shareholders and others members of the company (Hiller 2013). Application The fact of the case is the directors of the Chocolate Cleaning Products Pty Ltd (CCP) Alana and David has been decided to fire Max who is the company solicitor and also hold 5% of the shares of the company. The company has also Sol who is an investor and mentor and experienced in the cleaning products industry. However the directors of the company are thinking that it is enough of having advice of Sol about the proposed expansion activities and there is no need of Max who is the solicitor of the company for other activities in the company. Therefore they have introduced a new clause under the special resolution where it has mentioned about the right to expropriate the shareholdings of members on in less than 10% of the total shares issued (Donner 2016). The special resolution must be introduced for the company or the corporation for changing the name types or adding extra clauses under the Corporation Act. A special resolution should pass under some special criteria for the members of the board where they must give their vote in regarding the clauses which has been added or changing in the Corporation. At least 75% of what should be cast in favor of that special resolution by the members and the shareholders. The section 9 of the Corporation Act has legislated the special resolution for the corporation where the shareholders should give at least 75% of votes along with the others members of the company which helps to amending or changing the constitution of adopting a new company name of changing the company type of selective share buyback of any changes regarding the share capital of the shareholders right (Hiller 2013). The section 249L(c) of the corporation act has legislated such acts of the special resolution with the intention to propose the special resolution and state the actual words of the resolution. Therefore under the Annual General Meeting the casting of the votes should be process in favor of the special resolution. The passing of a special resolution must be processed by ASIC on form 205 notification of resolution or form 2205 notification of resolution regarding shares (Donner 2016). Conclusion According to the special resolution it has been passed in the general meeting was shared holders also cast their vote. Therefore the directors has right to expropriate shares of Max. Issue As per the fact of the case the issue is whether Banjo can able to take any legal action against the directors for breached their Aqua table and statutory duties towards the company? Rules It is important for a company when they make any new resolution or changes regarding the company and the shareholders and other members of the board then the participation of every member are necessary (Hiller 2013). The Corporation Act Section 180 legislates the acts of duty with care and diligence of the directors officers and employees where they must act with good faith which has been legislates section 181 and section 182 has stated the use of positions of the directors said they must follow some civil obligations for running the company and holding the position of directors of the company. The section 184 has defined the legislations where the directors must act with good faith and should not misuse their position or any information of the company which cause any bad effect or criminal offences with the company (Coffee Jr, Sale and Henderson 2015). It is also important for the director that they must not reckless or intentionally dishonest towards the corporation or commit any offensive and they must not fail to exercise their powers and discharge their duties in good faith in the best interest of the corporation or any proper purposes. For running a corporation at directors must not have any personal interest or benefit out of the Corporation. As per to the case study the issue has been arises when Banjo who is one of the non executive directors of Aussie Boats Ltd (AB) has disagreed with the resolution and issue of shares which he thinks it will be better to enter into discussion with MWB before the terms of the takeover also things that the directors have breach there equitable or statutory duties towards the Corporation (Donner 2016). Application The fact of the case is Aussie Boats Ltd (AB) is the listed public company which has been supplying custom built boats to the Australian market for the past 25 years but due to the rising of a new business company Millionaires on Water Ltd (MWB) have started a new luxury yachts companies has made more hi-tech fit-outs boats which affect the marketing business of Aussie Boats Ltd (AB) (Hiller 2013). Before they want to planning extension activities into international market for a number of years but they have failed due to the lack of fund but recently they make some initial discussion with both consultants consultancy firm La La Loopsy Pty Ltd but they have failed to work on the issues due to the lack of funds. Now the Aussie Boats Ltd (AB) has decided to buy up stock from Millionaires on Water Ltd (MWB) where that company has owned 35%of shares with the plan takeover bid imminent. However $500,000 of shares of La La Loopsy Pty Ltd in return for the provision of a report on opportuni ties for AB to supply boats internationally and $1 million of shares to the public to be issued for the purpose of raising additional capital for expansion purposes (Donner 2016). Therefore when the meeting has take place they have immediately engaged in previously planned expansionary activities which help them to improve the market share and should be informed by high quality consultancy and market research. However the MWB has also took the shares which help in reduction of 18% of sticks in exhibit limited but Banjo who is one of the non executive director has found that the director of the company Clancy and Jack has are acting really out of concern for their positions as MWB is known to terminate the positions of executive director after completing take over (Coffee Jr, Sale and Henderson 2015). It is necessary in the board meeting that when a special resolution has been passed the presence of every share holders and others board member should participate in the general meeting. The corporation at has legislative in section 180 that director must own the duty with proper care and religion towards the other directors and employees of the company. The section 181 has been legislative that the directors of the company must act with good faith towards the other directors and the members of the company and the section 182 has defined the use of the position of the director feather must work with every civil obligations for running the company and holding the position of directors of the corporation (Hiller 2013). The corporation act has been also legislative in section 184 that the director of the company should not misuse their position or disclose any information about the company which made any criminal offence towards the corporation to the company and never involved with any offensive activities where they fail to exercise their powers and discharged the duties in good faith in the best interest of the corporation or any other causes (Hiller 2013). The directors are should not reckless or intentionally not being dishonest to the company and never involved sweet any offensive activities where they fail to exercise their powers and discharged their duties in good faith in the best interest of the corporation or any other causes. Therefore as per the activities the director has breached their duties towards the company and send to hold their position before they make the resolution and take over the company to new company with new issue of shares with the share holder (Donner 2016). Conclusion Therefore Banjo can take legal action against the directors for which the equitable and statutory duties for being the director of the company and the court can make penalties according to the section 1317E of the Corporation Act for breached their duties of the position of the director. Reference Coffee Jr, J.C., Sale, H. and Henderson, M.T., 2015. Securities regulation: Cases and materials. Donner, I.H., 2016. Fiduciary Duties of Directors When Managing Intellectual Property. Nw. J. Tech. Intell. Prop., 14, p.203. Hiller, J.S., 2013. The benefit corporation and corporate social responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics, 118(2), pp.287-301. Knepper, W.E., Bailey, D.A., Bowman, K.B., Eblin, R.L. and Lane, R.S., 2016. Duty of Loyalty (Vol. 1). Liability of Corporate Officers and Directors. Langford, R.T., Ramsay, I. and Welsh, M.A., 2015. The origins of company directors' statutory duty of care. Lin, C., Officer, M.S., Wang, R. and Zou, H., 2013. Directors' and officers' liability insurance and loan spreads. Journal of Financial Economics, 110(1), pp.37-60. Loewenstein, M.J., 2015. Equity and Corporate Law. SMUL Rev., 68, p.783. Lunn, B., 2014. Strengthened director duties of care for cybersecurity oversight: Evolving expectations of existing legal doctrine. Browser Download This Paper. Spamann, H., 2016. Monetary Liability for Breach of the Duty of Care?. Journal of Legal Analysis, 8(2), pp.337-373.

The Conch Was A Symbol Of Authority. Piggy Was The First To Discover T

The conch was a symbol of authority. Piggy was the first to discover the conch. He always respected it along with Ralph. "We can use this to call the others. Have a meeting. They'll come when they hear us-." (Piggy) It was used to call meetings and whoever held the conch during meetings got to speak. It had magical powers to the boys until they stopped respecting it. Jack was the reason that the conch wasn't respected anymore. The fire was used as a signal for hopes of being rescued. It was the only way of getting of the island. It was Ralph's idea to have a fire and he set a rule to keep the fire going on top of the mountain. "There's another thing. We can help them to find us. If a ship comes near the island they may not notice us. So we must make smoke on top of the mountain. We must make a fire." (Ralph) The hunters never respected the fire and let it go out. The fire eventually saved the boys from the island because of Jack's luck and stupidity. The island represented the world of the boys, kind of like their room. Only in this situation they were confined to their rooms. They had to make the best of the island while they were there in order to survive. "This is our island. It's a good island. Until the grown-ups come to fetch us we'll have fun" (Ralph) Once everyone realized they were on an island and they didn't have any parents to tell them what to do they kind of went of and did whatever they wanted to do. "How can you expect to be rescued if you don't put first things first and act proper?" (Piggy) Piggy's Specs were used to start the fire. Without Piggy's specs they could've never cooked, made a signal, or had a crazy powow. Piggy's specs were the start of the survival chain. They were first broken, then stolen by Jack. That shows a slow and inescapable descent into anarchy and evil. Nobody really thought much of Piggy except for his specs but Ralph. The Lord of the Flies represents the Beast's danger and power. The Lord of the Flies was a pig's head. It was supposed to be a gift for the beast. In the story the pig's head symbolizes the panic and decay that takes place. In Simon's talk with the Lord of the Flies the pig's head told him that he should go back to the others. Bibliography Lord of The Flies

American Colonization Society Essays

American Colonization Society Essays American Colonization Society Essay American Colonization Society Essay American Colonization Society This society created a plan to send freed African Americans to Africa to found new settlements. David Walker A free African American business from Boston, who published the Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World. He wanted universal abolition and called on free African Americans and slaves to take action, such as violence, to gain freedom and equality. William Lloyd Garrison A white New England Journalist, who launched the Liberator, an abolitionist newspaper. He tried to convince people that slavery was a sin and a crime because it contradicted both the Bible and the Declaration of Independence. Liberator- An abolitionist newspaper. American Anti-Slavery Society The first national antislavery organization to be devoted to immediate abolition and racial equality, created by black and white abolitionists in 1833. Frederick Douglass A fugitive slave from Maryland. He became the most prominent escaped slave to speak out publicly against slavery. Sojourner Truth- A former slave who worked tirelessly for the American Anti-Slavery Society. Truth was originally named Isabella Baumfree. After her escape, she Joined religious reformers who preached on the streets of New York City. Adopting the name Sojourner Truth, she traveled throughout New England, preaching the gospel of abolition and womens rights. Sarah Grimk? ©- Sister of Angelina Grimke, and was against living in a society that tolerated slavery. She was among the first women to speak on behalf of the American Anti- Slavery Society. She traveled throughout New England, delivering lectures and forming anti-slavery organizations. Angelina Grimk? ©- Sister of Sarah Grimke, and was against living in a society that tolerated slavery. She was among the first women to speak on behalf of the American Anti- Slavery Society. She traveled throughout New England, delivering lectures and orming anti-slavery organizations. Theodore Weld- Worked with Angelina and Sarah Grimke, to write and publish American Slavery As It Is one of the most influential antislavery documents of the period. Elijah Lovejoy- an abolitionist editor in Alton, Illinois, who was murdered in 1837 as he tried to prevent a mob from destroying his printing press. a. Provide evidence to explain whether the following statement is fact or opinion: The active role African Americans took in antislavery efforts changed the focus of the abolitionist movement. The active role African Americans took in antislavery changed the focus of the bolitionist movement by forming more than 143 antislavery societies with the mission of freeing their brothers in chains. Before, the goal was to keep African Americans in America but afterwards, they realized freedom was most important. b. How effective were the tactics of the American Anti-Slavery Society? The tactics of the American Anti-Slavery Society were very effective because they were able to create more than 200 branches across the North and the Midwest. Also, they spread their message by publishing antislavery publications and conducted petition drives to prot est legislation supporting slavery. . What conflicts did abolitionists face, and what steps might abolitionists have taken to resolve these conflicts? The abolitionists were constantly faced with violence as the antislavery movement strengthened in the 1830s. Garrison was nearly killed by an angry mob; Elijah Lovejoy was murdered in 1837 as he tried to prevent a mob from destroying his printing press. The abolitionist also faced division within their movement. The steps the abolitionists might have taken may include, neglecting the movement completely and/or creating more antislavery publications in order to persuade people that slavery was bad.

Internet Initialisms

Internet Initialisms Internet Initialisms Internet Initialisms By Maeve Maddox Although I’ve adopted a few initialisms such as BTW, LOL, and IMHO in my own informal writing, I’m mostly ignorant of the alphabet soup current on Twitter and other social media sites. When a reader recently introduced me to the combination DRTL, I realized that this new language represents not just a kind of shorthand, but also a new philosophy of written language. This particular construct, DRTL, seems to me to symbolize the new philosophy: DRTL = Didn’t Read, Too Long. Note: A more common version of DRTL is TLDR or tl;dr, meaning too long; didnt read. Strings of commonly understood letter combinations such as FYI (For your information), TGIF (Thank God it’s Friday), and ASAP (As soon as possible) pre-date the Internet, of course, but they never occurred in the profusion that exists now. Readers who share my lack of currency in Abbreviation-Speak may find the following list useful. AFAIK: As far as I know AIUI: As I understand it BTDT: Been there, Done that BTW: By the way F2F: Face to face FOAF: Friend of a friend FWIW: For What it’s worth GAL: Get a life GIGO: Garbage In, Garbage Out HTH: Hope that helps IANAL: I am not a lawyer ICYMI: In case you missed it IIRC: If I recall correctly IMHO: In my humble opinion IMO: In my opinion IRL: In real life ISTM: It seems to me JK (also J/K) Just kidding LOL: Laughing out loud OMG: Oh, My God OTOH: On the other hand OTT: Over the top STW: Search the Web TIL: Today I learned TMI Too much information TTYL: Talk to you later WYSIWYG: What you see is what you get Of course this list is a mere scratching of the surface. And I’ve deliberately left out the ones that contain a gratuitous F. Nevertheless, even a short list may help a few codgers navigate Twitter with a little more comprehension. HTH. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:When to Capitalize Animal and Plant Names8 Types of Parenthetical PhrasesUsing "zeitgeist" Coherently

Philosophy - Article oppression by Irish Young - response

Philosophy - oppression by Irish Young - response - Article Example Exploitation generally depicts the conflicts between and haves and have-nots. It is a major trade union issue of all times, as most of the workers’ unions think that the management is their permanent enemy and the workers need to be in war with it always. In the extreme form of unionism, productivity is lost sight of, resulting in grievous loss to the economy. The working class also suffers in the long run. Marginalization is about those sections that are unable to bear with the stiff competition in the labor market due to variety of factors like loss of employment due to recession, disabilities, racial discrimination, etc. Powerlessness is about the plight of the workers, especially those who are unskilled and are unable to tap the alternative sources of employment due to lack of educational qualifications. Such classes of workers have neither autonomy nor authority and have less chances of improving their job prospectus. They have to carry on with the available facilities. Cultural Dominance refers to the dominance of one group over the other that goes in tandem with cultural expressions and interpretations on the basis of history. Iris Marion Young argues about such attitudes in her book â€Å"Justice and the Politics of Difference, â€Å"The Hebrews are oppressed in Egypt, and many users of the term oppression in West invoke this paradigm.†(41) Violence dominates over a big canvas of societal life. State sanctioned violence, racial segregation, harassment to women in workplace, are some of the prominent examples of oppression in these areas. In this materialistic world impacted by industrial and internet revolutions, Iris Young has correctly assessed the aspects related to various types of oppressions and the anguish they cause in the day to day life of the people in the concerned segments as stated above. Attitudinal differentiation on the basis of sex is the hallmark of societal interactions. In

Counterterrorism and Public Perception Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Counterterrorism and Public Perception - Essay Example Since the September 11 tragedy, the federal government of the U.S. has been on the watch out for any suspicious activities that may be a security threat to the state and the general public at large. This process of ensuring public and national security is sometimes made even harder in cases where the information is leaked or made available to the public. Presently, information sharing is handled by multiple sharing environments that are intended at serving a handful of agencies: defense, intelligence, foreign affairs, law enforcement and homeland security (Homeland Security Council, 2007). The role of the National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC) in the Federal Government is to analyze all information and intelligence related to terror activities and to provide support to the Department of Justice (DOJ) and the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). This includes other agencies in the same field to fulfill their tasks to disseminate information that is related to terrorism (Homeland Security Council, 2007). Through a secure network, NCTC Online, the information is shared by NCTC and the whole federal community by producing comprehensive analytical products that are federally coordinated; thus the information reaches numerous users in the whole Federal Counterterrorism community. The Interagency Threat Assessment and Coordination Group formed within NCTC is aimed at facilitating the production of information related to terrorism that is federally coordinated with intention to disseminate it to the State, local, tribal and the private sector (Magumi, Wood, Mileti, and Bourque, 2008). In order to stop or warn about an impending terror attack, information has to be available about the action. According to Homeland Security Policy (2009), this type of information is usually gathered by the State, local and tribal government officials during their normal law enforcement duties. These governments perform their counterterrorism duties within a broader context

Latin Terms for Legal Studies Essay Example for Free

Latin Terms for Legal Studies Essay Two of the more important maxims (guides or aids) commonly used by the courts are (pg. 20): Noscitur a sociis: (It is known from its associates) is used where a word is ambiguous or unclear in a group of specific words. Its meaning is limited to the same class or types of things as the specific words. Ejusdem generis: Means of the same kind, class or nature and is known as the class rule. Under this rule, the broad, general word is limited to the same class as the more specific words preceding it. Under subsidiary legislation (pg. 23): Ultra vires: Beyond one’s legal power or authority. Under Unwritten Law (English Law) (pg. 24): Inter alia: Among other things. Lex non cogit impossibilia: The law does not compel a man to do that which is impossible. /The law requires nothing impossible. Case law or precedent may comprise res judicata, ratio decidendi and obiter dictum (pg 29). Res judicata: Final order of the court binding the immediate parties to the decision. It assumes that there are 2 opposing parties, there is a definite issue and the court has so decided the issue acting within its jurisdiction. Judgement in the strictest sense. Only applies to the immediate parties. Ratio decidendi: It’s the reason for the decision. In a case, in addition to the res judicata the legal reasoning upon which the decision in that case was based may be used by judges in future cases when confronted with similar facts. This is called the ratio decidendi of the case. Obiter dictum: Anything else said about the law in the course of a judgement that does not form part of the matters at issue is called obiter dictum (sayings by the way). It has no binding power, although it can exercise an extremely strong influence in a lower court, and even in a court of equivalent standing, depending on the court and the judge. Stare decisis: Process of following an established procedure, which literally means ‘to stand by a decision.’ Obiter: Said in passing. / Said by the way. Under Hierarchy of Precedents : Pari materia (pg. 32): Of the same matter; on the same subject. The phrase used in connection with two laws relating to the same subject matter that must be analyzed with each other. Per incuriam (pg. 33): Literally translated as through lack of care, per incuriam refers to a judgment of a court which has been decided without reference to a statutory provision or earlier judgment which would have been relevant. CHAPTER 3 Under Constitutional review (pg. 49): Â  ab-initio: From the beginning; from the first act; from the inception. An agreement is said to be void ab initio if it has at no time had any legal validity. Under Statutory interpretation (pg. 49): Sui generis: Of its own kind or class. That which is the only one of its kind. Under Magistrate Courts (pg. 54): Mesne profits: The profits of an estate received by a tenant in wrongful possession and recoverable by the landlord. Ex parte (Lost the page, sorry!): On one side only. Done by, for, or on the application of one party alone.

The Signalman and The Man with the Twisted Lip Essay -- Charles Dicken

The Signalman and The Man with the Twisted Lip Originally stories were sung or spoken and handed down through word of mouth from one person to another. There were thousands of traditional stories all over the world, from King Arthur and his knights of the round table in Britain to Hercules and the Gods on Mount Olympus in Greece. In the middle ages this was how stories were told, these stories were sometimes shown as plays, which many people could pay to watch. These plays were based on love, war and religion and were very popular with everyone. Some mystery plays were based on bible stories and shown throughout Europe. Others were based on the courtly love tradition where women were worshipped like Gods. In contrast other stories were shown as having the â€Å"damsel in distress† such as Robin Hood, with knights and a great battle of good versus evil. Some even took the myths and legends and included them in their stories; this could have been where princesses were saved from a beast such as a dragon or a small boy performing the colossal act of defeating a giant. The Signalman By Charles Dickens The setting is a railway line at the bottom of a steep cutting, where the sunlight â€Å"barely penetrated†. It was a â€Å"dark, dank, gloomy and depressing place near a tunnel with a red danger light at its entrance.† The signalman’s box was but a few hundred yards from the entrance of the tunnel, giving the impression that this is the last outpost of life before entering the tunnel, which could go down to the underworld. NB. In Ancient Greek legends, the entrance to Hades Underworld or death was often portrayed as a dark tunnel or cave. The main character is a signalman, he is working class but â€Å"educated beyon... ...The Man With The Twisted Lip Greed, deceit and shame changed Neville St Clairs life as he became something he wasn’t i.e. the beggar to gain more money; the deceit was the manner in which he gained the money, he developed a character by dressing up under a disguise, and shame if the high class society found out how he gained his money it would be social suicide for himself and his family 15. The characters willingly move towards their own doom. The Signalman focused on his job to keep the train safe, willingly tended to the red light near the entrance to the tunnel but was not focused enough on his own safety and so was cut down by the train The Man With The Twisted Lip Neville St Clair conscientiously chose to be a beggar and also would have willingly gone to prison or the executioner rather than have revealed the secret and disgraced his family.

Employee Mentoring Essay

Jankowicz (2005) mentions, that methodology is the process or approach to undertake a research or study. Prior to follow a methodology, it is essential to understand the research philosophy, which according to Grinnell (1993 cited Kumar, 1999, p. 6) â€Å"research is a structured inquiry that utilizes acceptable scientific methodology to solve problems and creates new knowledge that is generally applicable†. When researching it could be apply to any situation, either for professional or personal purpose. In this case, the main purpose of doing research is to develop an investigation about real situations that may increase or change the knowledge of a particular management problem (Ghauri and Gronhaug, 2002). Therefore, the diverse research methods will be discussed in this chapter, which among other strategies it involves collection and analysis of the research data (Blaxter et al, 2001; Collis and Hussey, 2003). Research Philosophy  The understanding of philosophical positioning of research is useful in the way that helps researchers to clarify alternative designs and methods for a particular investigation and identify which are more likely to work in practice (Ghauri et al, 1995). In this case, research philosophy is about the way the researcher perceives the development of the knowledge and the way the information can be acquire through different processes, besides it provides an ideology to carry out the research (Collis and Hussey, 2003; Saunders et al, 2003; Bryman, 2004). Therefore, there are two main views related to research philosophies: positivism and phenomenological, which is also known as interpretivism approach (Denscombe, 2002; Collis and Hussey, 2003; Saunders et al, 2003; Jankowicz, 2005). Saunders et al. (2003) point out that the phenomenological approach proposes the discovery of subjective meanings in for example humans’ behavior in order to understand and give interpretations to their actions and reactions to particular situations (Collis and Hussey, 2003; Saunders et al. , 2003). Nevertheless, it is important to have in mind that one is not a better philosophy than the other. The philosophy â€Å"depends on the research question that the researcher is seeking to answer† (Saunders et al, 2003, p. 85). From the above mentioned, the research philosophy of this study is based on the develop of skills and knowledge without aiming to generalized and seeking for the truth, but to focus on understanding of human behavior based on the descriptions and experiences of people in specific situations (Collis and Hussey, 2003; Saunders et al. 2003; Jankowicz, 2005). Hence, this research will take an interpretivism philosophy, because the study is related with employee mentoring and attitudes towards job satisfaction and organizational commitment. The role of social learning processes and characteristics of a good mentor may have a great influence on the above mentioned attitudes of employees, which is based on different meanings and interpretations that individuals could have on their own experiences. In addition, Collis and Hussey (2003, p. 7) said â€Å"it is an approach which assumes that the social world is constantly changing, and the researcher and the research itself are part of this change†. Not only the social world is changing, but also the global business environment is and using an interpretivism approach provides flexibility to confront those changes. Whereas the positivistic approach is characterized by seeking law-like results that can be generalized and there is an objective truth that exist in the world and can be revealed through the scientific method, where the focus is on measuring relationships, systematically and statistically, between variables. Research Approach According to Saunders et al (2003), a research is conducted to analyze existing theories, or to establish new theories as a result of recent findings. This will depend on whether the approach is deductive or inductive. A deductive approach is where the researcher develops a theory which will be tested, whereas an inductive approach is where the theory will be developed from the analysis of the data that is going to be collected. The nature of this research is not to find a specific theory but an explanation of an existing situation, for example, in today’s global business environment. Therefore, this research will place the inductive approach which is closely related with the interpretivism philosophy due to its characteristic of not assuming results that are inferred from general conjectures, but developing an explanation from the data collected where general conjectures are induced from specific cases (Jankowikz, 2000; Collis and Hussey, 2003; Saunders et al. , 2003). Research Purpose  An important part of a research and mainly seeing it from the perspective of its objectives, is to identify the purpose of it, which according to some authors can be classified as exploratory, descriptive, explanatory and predictive (Kumar, 1999; Saunders et al. , 2000; Collis and Hussey, 2003). Whereas, the exploratory study is carried out to explore areas, identify variable and look for hypothesis instead of confirming hypothesis, the predictive study forecasts the result of an event and anticipate the outcomes of that event which is under study. On the other hand, an explanatory (analytical) study focuses on studying a situation or a problem in order to discover and measure the relationship between variables, while a descriptive study identifies, describes and provides information of a particular issue (Kumar, 1999; Saunders et al. , 2000; Collis and Hussey, 2003). Therefore, the purpose of this research, taking into account its objectives is exploratory due to the fact that it tries to examine the impact of employee mentoring on their attitudes towards job satisfaction and organizational commitment. The role of social learning processes is also very important in the relationship between mentoring and job attitudes. The qualities of a mentor also play a great role in this relationship. Hence, it would lead to find strategic recommendations for the organization involve in this investigation. Data Collection To answer the research question and achieve the objectives of the research there is the need to collect data, (Saunders et al. , 2000). There are two main data resources, secondary and primary data. Secondary data is the one that already exists from previous investigations and it can be found in books, journals and films (Saunders at al, 2003). Primary data is the one that is recollected from the research and it can be obtained by using methods such as questionnaires, interviews, focus group, and other (Collis and Hussey, 2003). Saunders et al. (2003) points out that literature review helps to develop an understanding and insight into relevant previous research. Collis and Hussey (2003), add to Saunders’s point of view saying that exploring the existing literature will help to have a better overview on previous research that has been conducted and its impact on the studied research problem. In addition, Saunders et al (2003) classify the secondary data into three types: documentary, survey-based and multi-source. For this investigation, it will be useful the documentary secondary data because written documents such as articles taken from the Internet, journals, books among others, could be relevant information to be used.

Conflict Management Styles Essay

Conflict usually occurs when individuals within a group or organization has differences in opinions. When individuals are in a disagreement about something like policies and procedures or even the overall direction of which an organization or company is heading it can become very frustrating. As we all know conflict the process of conflict usually begins when an individual or party has perceived the other part and it has showed a negative impact or will affect something that another party cares about. According to the readings in Chapter 15 the early approach of conflict saw that all conflict was labeled to be bad. Conflict then had a negative vibe and was used often to be linked with such terms as violence, destruction, or irrationality as reinforcement to its negative association. There are several types of conflict from the integrationist point of view that includes functional and dysfunctional conflict. Functional conflict usually arises during when the goals of a group are supported and the performance rises. On the other hand dysfunctional conflict is conflicts that hinder the performance of the group as a whole. The conflict process consists of five stages that include potential opposition, incompatibility, cognition and personalization, intentions, behaviors, and outcomes. In my workplace the most common form of conflict management is potential opposition and incompatibility. I have worked for Viking Range Corporation for 10 years now and I enjoy my work there. My Supervisor is always open for communication but this is one of the most vital parts that bring about conflict in my organization. Most of the times communication plays a huge role in the effectiveness of the company. Communication is the biggest problem that we have as a whole throughout the facility because there always seem to be conflict that arises between departments on part outages, and department personnel. Conflict is something we can’t avoid whether at home or at the workplace. Conflict will be present in just about every human interaction that we come across and this can make the strategies that we use for conflict management very important. According to (Conflict Management Home-versus-work) â€Å"Conflict management strategies vitally increase the performance and effectiveness of an individual and in turn the effectiveness of the organization as a whole. † I am an individual that can’t handle or try to avoid conflict. I have been a part of a lot of confrontations and I try to avoid them at all costs. â€Å"In the same article Rahim and Bonama’s (1979) categorization of the styles of settling interpersonal conflict is based on two facades, first when a person considers himself and his own concerns and the second when a person considers others and the concerns of others. Their styles for handling conflict include an integrating style in which a person considers his style and the styles of others. Secondly would be the avoiding style in which the individual has no concerns for their self as well as others. Thirdly would be obliging in which the individual posses a concern for others but not himself. The next one is the dominating style in which the individual has high concerns for himself for low concerns for others. Lastly we have the compromising style in which the individual possess some consideration for himself and some for others. I can relate more to the dominating style because in my organization every department is usually out for themselves meaning they like to maintain a high standard by any means. However, one thing that I have learned that is being a part of the business world there will always be some form of conflict and differences of opinions will arise so it is best to handle the situation immediately. By acknowledging that there is conflict present and communication has come to a standstill we can decrease the problems that unsolved conflict can bring about in any organization. One way that we deal with conflict in our organization is by acknowledging the goals of each department as well as the employees. The Supervisor over our department does not handle conflict well and he tries to avoid any altercations at all costs. With me being next in line he will usually push things of this nature off for me to handle. I often deal with the situations by bringing the employees into the office to see what the problem is in forms of communication and what caused the problem to begin with. I have tried to encourage my Supervisor to deal with situations in the future before they occur and he has taken steps on his own to deal with situations where he sense conflict. He can actually sense when there is a lack of communication and conflict is about to arise so he stops it before it starts by bringing both individuals into the office to try and get to the root of the problem before something major happens. This same occurrence can happen between male and female management personnel that can’t seem to see eye to eye and have issues that lead to conflict. According to (Conflict Management Modes and Leadership Styles) â€Å"most individual characteristics have an impact on the instruments analyzed, for example: younger managers are more task-oriented, while older managers are typically relationship- oriented and avoid conflicts, women are more collaborative and avoid conflicts less and men tend to use the accommodating mode more than women. â€Å"Rather surprisingly, according to our survey, women appear to be more competitive than men. The compromising style of conflict matches my personal preference tremendously, because I can relate to this style in my organization on a day to day basis. Being in my field of work there will always be a competition between the male and female employees as well as male and female management personnel. I look at this as something that will be unavoidable because there will always be a power struggle between the genders. So I try to look at things from a bigger perspective and consider both parties involved because there will always be differences in opinions.

Theme of the Yellow Wallpaper Essays

Theme of the Yellow Wallpaper Essays Theme of the Yellow Wallpaper Essay Theme of the Yellow Wallpaper Essay 2000. Blooms Literary Reference Online. Facts On File, Inc. April 5, 2010.

Education and Country Development Ashley Noack

M. Chau-Lee English 3H 11/ 13/14 Is The Scarlet Letter A Feminist Novel? A feminist is defined in the British Dictionary as a person who advocates equal rights for women. However incredulous it may sound, women had to fight for rights for equality in things such as politics, economics, and their personal affairs. If the revolutionary feminist concepts were surfacing in the time of Nathaniel Hawthorne, circa 1850, then how was it that he was inspired to write Hester’s character? However,one consideration may be that it was written unintentionally with a feministic tone. This novel stands for the main ideas that gave feminism its momentum: gender equality and love for oneself as a woman. Hawthorne displays Hester as a free woman in the ending of the book, and also deems her and Dimmesdale as equals by having them receive identical markers on their tombstones. The Scarlet Letter epitomizes the strength of women while also providing as an indicator for early feminism, as it’s profound perceptions were not something yet established in this earli er time period. The Scarlet Letter is indubitably a feminist piece of literature.The three main characters work off of one another; Hester is strong while Dimmesdale is feeble and Chillingworth is corrupt; She effortlessly conquers her sin and continues with her new life, while Dimmesdale cannot admit his sins, and Chillingworth seeks revenge on Dimmesdale. The women in the novel were strictly bound to a certain spectrum inAn Assessment of the Grandmother from â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† by Flannery O’Connor The grandmother who remains unnamed all throughout in the story is the protagonist and the central character of Flannery O’Connor’s â€Å"A Good Man is hard to Find, a tragic story of a family who decided to go on vacation but got killed randomly on the road by a criminal on the loose named â€Å"The Misfit†. She is endowed with a joyful spirit, a passion in life in spite of her age. She is a non-stereotypical woman whose old fashion clothing and beliefs contradict her strong, manipulative mind, an opposite trait of a passive and complacent woman in her time. The Grandmother is a smart woman who knows how to assert herself by trying to use all the†¦show more content†¦Finally, when she realizes defeat, the grandmother is the first one all set to go the next morning, an indication of the dynamism and flexibility of her character. This same manipulative character is so important in the development of the plot that it will set fire and conflict of the stor y. The grandmother persuades her son Bailey to make a detour and let the family see an old house off road. When Bailey says no, she again uses her grandchildren by telling them lies about the secret panel in the house where the old family that used to stay in that house hid their silver. The grandmother knows she ignites the children’s imagination and senses winning this time. This sends the children to a frantic tantrum and ultimately changes Bailey’s mind. The detour causes them an accident and their encounter with The Misfit. In her encounter with The Misfit, still high with power over her ability to changer her son’s mind, she does the same tactic to The Misfit, and hopes not to get killed by persuading The Misfit to change his ways. She evangelizes on his morality and flatters him by constantly telling him he is a good man and that he comes from a nice people (364). Her desperation is overwhelming as she desperately tries to reach out with The Misfit by ca lling him â€Å"one of her children† and touching him on his shoulders. This desperate action brings her to her death in the

Behaviour Management and Purposeful Learning Essay - 1

Behaviour Management and Purposeful Learning - Essay Example Behavior management is of considerable importance in the field of education. It is focused on developing the learning ability and increasing the productivity of a learner. Behavioral management is applied by teachers to increase workability of students and decreases disruption in the study environment. The techniques and principles employed in behavioral management are of consistent nature. It is very essential for teachers to establish a comfortable relationship with their students as behavioral management set a foundation for teachers to work on the students. According to McGrann,(2011)â€Å"If we focus on positive behaviors and build a trusting, respectful relationship with our students, we are ensuring a successful school year for our students and for ourselves†. In behavioral management as systematic approach is initialized to the aid the better learning of the students. Students can be only successful in their learning if they are trained under proper behavioral management techniques. Most of the teachers around the world make use of behavioral management techniques to empower the learning system of their students. Behavioral management also allows cultivating discipline, caring and consistency in the learning behavior of pupil. Different Psychological Perspective in Behavioral Management In behavioral management, different psychological theories are applied to control the behavioral pattern of the learners. The three main behavioral psychological theories which are considered here are as follows. I)Behaviorism Theory: According to behaviorism theory, it is believed that the learning potential of a learner is based on the conditioning he achieved. Conditioning is an aspect achieved thorough interaction with the external environment. In his article Cherry,(2011) writes that â€Å"According to behaviorism, behavior can be studied in a systematic and observable manner with no consideration of internal mental states†. The conditioning itself can be classified in to two category as classical conditioning and operant conditioning. Classical conditioning is a technique in which natural stimulus is related to a response and later a natural stimulus is paired with a previously neutral stimulus. In the end the neutral stimulus comes to create respo nse without the assistance of natural stimulus. Whereas, operant conditioning is a process by which learning is achieved through rewards and punishments. In operant conditioning a connection is created between behavior and its consequence. Behaviorism relies upon observation and hence it is easier to quantify the learning outcome of the students and it also aids in collecting data when researches are conducted in class rooms. Behaviorism technique is extremely helpful when predicative changes are needed as to the harmful behavior of adults and children. However, critics claim that it is one – dimensional approach and it does not have the ability to influence the feelings and moods of the learner. It is also observed that behaviorism cannot be applied to learning process where punishments and reinforcement are not a part. Cognitive Theory Cognitive theory is a learning theory in which human behaviorism is explained with the help of understanding the processing of thoughts in h uman mind. According to this theory, it is believed that human being have logical nature and make choices according to his sensibility. Here human mind is compared to a computer as his information processing is

KIPP National Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

KIPP National - Case Study Example The founders have the drive and passion to give children of lower income families the skills to make it through college. This passion and skill has shown success. From the very beginning the founders worked for months trying to establish the right to operate as a school. This took months of waiting from the district to approve the original proposal made by the founders. Once approval was accepted the founders were able to begin recruiting students and convincing parents that their new school would greatly help their child academically. Over the next months the founders were able to recruit enough students to get the KIPP School started. The founders had many promises to live up to and this helped guide the success as they did not want to let parents and their children down. Having enrollment grow each school year proved that what the founders created a school that was turning out to be successful. Students were excelling at a terrific rate and the option for expansion was taken witho ut hesitation. Scores were improving and the students showed the willingness to want to succeed. The growth to New York showed that KIPP Schools were not holding back and were focused on helping kids who otherwise would not have a chance in a normal school environment. There are many elements in the KIPP operational model that set KIPP apart from other schools. ... Structure and not allowing any slack in commitment makes for KIPP’s successful operational model and sets them apart from the rest. 2) Should the KIPP schools be replicated? Can they be? What are the major challenges KIPP will face as it expands? The KIPP schools are mainly successful because of the hard work and determination put forth by the two original founders. The two original founders make sure that teachers, parents and students are focusing and functioning how they originally promised. Replicating this type of structure and discipline would be hard to replicate. The schools would be hard to replicate because the two founders would need to make sure they have teachers that are willing to give their all like the founders have. Many examples throughout the case refer to why it was important for the founders to lead the schools in the direction they are going in. Expansion can be done but it is likely that expansion will take away from the success that the two original sc hools already have. Expanding is one thing and can be achieved by funding and hard work. Expanding and being successful is another issue. One can expand but what is the point if the expansion is not going to be successful. By reviewing the case it is obvious that success was determined on the founder’s hard work. Two people alone cannot be at several locations at once to make sure teachers are acting how they need to be and students are living up to their agreements. If the founders are out taking on several new ventures the two original schools will lose leadership by the founders and can slowly become unsuccessful unless proper leadership is put in place. It is obvious that

Chabros International Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Chabros International - Essay Example Dubai is on the decline mostly due to tough economic conditions. A closer analysis of the facts provided in the case study would suggest important management and strategic issues which firm needs to focus on. Two of the important management issues are mode of entry as well as the marketing strategy of the firm. When entering into international markets, firms have relatively diversified options to exercise. From exporting to the establishment of a Greenfield projects, firms can choose the right strategy based upon the overall situation and the resources available to the organization. However, in order to expand into any market, it is also critical to highlight and explore language and cultural differences as well as the institutional differences as these factors tend to have significant impact on the way a firm has to develop its marketing as well as HR strategy. The initial strategy adapted by the firm was to enter into joint ventures with the firms which were not located in the region. This therefore created strong cultural and interpersonal issues for partners who were not used to the overall culture and business norms of the region. As such the firm entered into the market without actually making an effort to understand the local dynamics and importance of having local partners. Since firm was entering into different markets for the first time it was therefore important for it to either start through the exporting or founding joint ventures with the local firms. However, the firm, actually opened wholly owned subsidiaries in those regions with 100% ownership therefore the necessary capital was tied up in establishing new facilities. Secondly, the firm focused on one market while continued to expand in other markets despite the fact that major chunk of its sales were coming from one single market i.e. Dubai. Rather than

Sleep Deprivation Effects On Academic Performance

Sleep Deprivation Effects On Academic Performance Sleeping is a necessity for human survival and crucial to our health. Not getting enough sleep can result in hallucinations, irritability, depressive behaviour, diabetes, poor dieting, interference with daily activities, lack of alertness and motivation as well as poor academic performance among students. The majority of the population realizes the importance of a sufficient amount of sleep, yet based on the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) done in 2002, 18% of the population get an average of less than five hours of sleep each night.1 If teenagers are not getting the required 8.5 9 hours per night, they generally make up for it by taking long naps, or sleeping in on weekends. Both of which are counterproductive considering it throws off ones natural body clock.2 Late sleepers tend to interrupt their sleep cycle when they are either in the 3rd or 4th stage of sleeping, which are both considered deep sleep or during the 5th phase, REM (Rapid Eye Movement), leaving them feeling groggy and tired. As a result, teenagers sleep instead of attending class, sleep during lessons, or arent as alert and observant as they could be during school hours. A study was done on 1,000 high school students and 90% reported feeling lethargic from sleep deprivation, with supported evidence that it had affected their school performance.3 A lack of sleep at a young age also increases ones chances of developing a learning disorder. Although there are other factors that influence students performance, sleep is a major one. Background: This report outlines the relationship between sleep deprivation among high school students and their academic performance. Academic performance in a way is immeasurable. It is commonly thought that it is measured based on the students marks in school, however performance is defined as the manner in which something reacts or fulfills its intended 1 Shields, M. (2005, November 16). Study: Insomnia. Statistics Canada. Retrieved May 27, 2010, 2 Why Catching Up on Sleep Doesnt Work. (2007, July 24). Cure:Insomnia . Retrieved May 27, 2010, 3 Taras, H. (n.d.). Poor Sleep, Poor Grades. The National Parenting Center. Retrieved May 27, 2010, purpose.4 Meaning, its the amount of effort one puts into their work in an attempt to succeed. A student can try their hardest to complete an assignment yet they still may not fully achieve the teachers requirements leaving them with an adequate mark. Although that does not normally seem to be the case, it does happen. For the sake of this report however, it is being measured based on marks. The amount of sleep a person has had can evidentially enough, be measured on a timely basis (hourly, etc.). As one sleeps, they go through 5 series of phases which include5: Stage 1: This is the transition between wakefulness and sleep. It is a relatively light sleep stage. The brain produces high amplitudes of theta waves. Eyes tend to move slowly and muscle activity slows down. Many people get muscle contractions during this stage. Light sleep lasts from 5 to 10 minutes. Stage 2: Eye movement stops, brain waves slow down and occasionally produce bursts of sleep spindles (brain activity). Heart rate slows down and body temperature decreases. This phase lasts about 20 minutes. Stage 3: This is the transitional stage between light sleep to deep sleep. Very slow brain waves called delta waves start to produce. Stage 4: This is often known as the Delta Sleep since the brain excessively produces delta waves. There is no eye or muscle movement. It is during this stage that people experience sleep walking, nightmares and bed wetting. This deep sleep usually happens for 30 minutes. Stage 5: This is the most commonly known stage REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep. This is when most dreams occur. Breathing becomes more quick, eyes move rapidly, limb muscles are temporarily paralyzed (to prevent ones body from physically acting out their dream), brain waves amplify to the equivalent level that they are at when one is awake, also heart and blood rate increases. It is during this stage that males typically develop an erection and if the person sleeping is woken 4 Performance Define Performance. (n.d.). Find the Meanings and Definitions of Words. Retrieved May 27, 2010, 5 Stages of Sleep. (n.d.). Sleepdex Resources for better sleep. Retrieved May 27, 2010, up, they most likely will be able to remember their dream. REM sleep occurs about 90 minutes after falling asleep. The first cycle of REM sleep lasts a short amount of time, but with each series that occurs, the phase can gradually get longer and longer. However, these sleeping phases do not happen in sequence. We start off in stage 1, move into stage 2, 3 and 4. After stage 4, we go back and stage 3 and 2 are repeated before we enter into stage 5. Once REM sleep is completed, the body goes back to stage 2 and the cycle repeats again up to 4-5 times on average, if one is getting the right amount of sleep. An insufficient amount of sleep, especially at a young age, can manifest into challenging illnesses. As previously stated, sleep deprivation can result in depressive and oppositional behaviour, irritability, poor impulse control and/or over activity all of which are some characteristics of common learning disorders. Research has shown that relationships exist between inadequate sleep among children and developing Sleep Disordered Breathing (SDB), Periodic Limb Movement Disorder (PLMD), and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). 6 These syndromes can make simple tasks involved with learning, difficult for those who suffer from it. The Learn Disability Association of Canada (LDAC) found that over 80% of people with learning disabilities struggle with reading. 35% of students with learning disabilities end up dropping out of school all together. 7 A study showed that among adults ranging from 20-29 years of age, 28.3% had less than a high school certificate due to learning di sabilities. 8 These factors obviously make it tough for students to achieve exceptional marks and work to the best of their ability, but what may be part of the solution would be setting good sleeping habits throughout their lives. 6 Ivanenko, A. (n.d.). Sleep and Psychiatric Disorders in Children and Adolescents. Google Books. Retrieved May 27, 2010, 7 Gudbranson, C. (2000, June 7). Learning Disabilities Association of Canada Library and Archives. Learning Disabilities Association of Canada Activities. Retrieved May 27, 2010, 8 PACFOLD. (n.d.). Highlights of Putting a Canadian Face. Retrieved May 27, 2010, Methodology: The information collected for this report to substantiate the negative effects sleep deprivation have on students academic performance was gathered from an online survey (which is attached as Appendix A) and was conducted on Wednesday, May 20th, 2010 at Iroquois Ridge High School. Thirty-five students from grades 9 through to Super Seniors took part in the survey. Since the analysis does not involve experimental manipulation, it is considered an observational study. Followed by the initial survey, students that were not getting the recommended amount of sleep each night were asked to do a follow up survey (which is attached as Appendix B) in order to determine the reason why they are not getting enough sleep, and to grasp their awareness on the topic. The data was accumulated by clustered/multistage sampling. The seven participants selected from each grade, all from different cliques, filled out the survey and represented the larger population of Iroquois Ridge High School and out of those, whoever was not getting the right amount of sleep did a second survey. Students were picked from different groups to help prevent bias opinions that can be influenced by friends. Seeing as the thirty-five chosen students do not make up for a significant percentage of the total population, this creates a bias since they are speaking for the entire school. Other components that could have skewed the final results would be response bias. There is the chance that some students may have lied about their average in school due to embarrassment, or even about having a learning disability or bedtime for the same reason. One way that the affects of this inclination could have been decreased would be if a larger population were surveyed, that way the response bias could be outweighed and the overall results would be more reliable. The students average in school, alertness and hours of sleep per night were questioned in order to correlate the effects that sleep has on ones academic performance. To get a good understanding of why the individuals who suffered from sleep deprivation lacked sleep, they were directed to fill out a second, slightly more in depth survey to get a grasp of the students awareness of the importance of sleep, by asking them to identify illnesses that connect with not getting enough sleep each night and for the reasons why they are not getting a sufficient amount of sleep. Results: Thirty-five students attending Iroquois Ridge High School were given a survey in order to answer the question: Does sleep deprivation have an effect on students academic performance? The results showed that sleeping patterns do affect ones performance and that 22 out of 35 students (63%) were not getting the recommended 8-9 hours of sleep per night, as shown in both Figure 1 and Figure 2. Figure 1 is a bar graph that displays the results that were collected when 35 high school students were asked How Many Hours of Sleep Do You Get Each Night? Most students seem to receive 6 to 7 hours of sleep per night. Figure 1 Figure 2 is a pie chart that shows the average hours of sleep students get each night. It represents each total as a percentage of all responses. Merely 37% of students are getting the proper amount of sleep while the other 63% are not. Figure 2 Trying to Catch Up Can Be Too Much As a result of not getting enough sleep, students tend to try and make up for lost time by taking long naps, sleeping in when they should be at school, during class and sleeping in during weekends. However, these methods are detrimental because they mess up with the persons body clock. In some cases, too much sleep can result in a disorder called hypersomnia. Hypersomnia is clinically defined as getting more than 10 hours of sleep per night and feeling daytime drowsiness.9 Surveyors were asked how often they would rate themselves sleeping in during their first period class and ending up late, due to tiredness. The outcome was that 12% of respondents never had this issue, 26% rarely did, 31% would experience it sometimes, 20% had it happen often and 11% of students always have this problem. Figure 3 is a frequency pie chart that shows how often students ranging from grade 9 through to Super Seniors, end up running late to their first period class due to over-sleeping. Figure 3 Participants who were depriving themselves of sleep were further questioned in order to find out why. What were they doing that was keeping them up during the night? The most common factors were having stressful lives, part-time jobs and staying up on the computer/ playing video games. Followed by that was too much homework, hanging out with friends, living in a noisy environment, watching television, participating in sports/exercising, and not 9 Sleep Disorder Types and Symptoms. (n.d.). Sleep-Deprivation.com. Retrieved May 28, 2010, being in a comfortable temperature. Options that were not factors at all included having bad dreams and doing chores. A Norwegian survey done on 25,000 people found that individuals who having problems sleeping are most likely suffering from depression and anxiety. Its All About Routine and Discipline Based on the results of the survey, the vast majority of students are able to sleep whenever they want seeing as they do not have a set bedtime that is enforced by their parents. Figure 4 is the representation of the amount of students that have a set bedtime for every week night that has been imposed by their parents/guardian. It is evident that most high school students do not have such discipline, but a small 17% do. Figure 4 This leads to adolescents having an imbalanced body clock and if such a pattern develops at a younger age, it increases ones chances of developing a disorder, as previously mentioned. Teenagers with bad sleeping habits are 6.5 times likely to have metabolic syndrome than people who follow a good routine.10 Adolescents benefit from having constant sleep times that allow them to have the sufficient quantity of hours that they need. This is significantly affected by having regular bed times and rising times throughout the weekend as well. Just like when they were younger, parents need to get involved with their childrens sleeping schedule. Within this collected data 6 out of the 35 students claim to have bedtimes, all of which got approximately 8 hours of sleep a night with an average mark of 75%. While the rest of the students get about 7 hours of sleep a night with a 66% average in school. 10 Pytel, B. (2007, October 4). Lack of Sleep Can Kill: How Dangerous Is Not Sleeping?. Student Health Issues. Retrieved May 28, 2010, The Relationship between Hours of Sleep and Alertness A study done by the U.S. Army drew the conclusion that the loss of just one and a half hours of sleep can result in a 32% reduction in daytime alertness. 11 A similar outcome appeared in the analyzed data of the students attending Iroquois Ridge High School. Figure 5 (below) is a scatter plot that shows correlation between the students alertness from the time they wake up until lunch, based on the average amount of sleep they get each night. Each student was asked to rate their alertness on a scale of 1-5; 1 being not alert at all and 5 being extremely alert. This data was then correlated with the hours of sleep the students get each night, for a correlation of approximately 55.8%. Figure 5 The outcome of this examination had a strong correlation between alertness in the morning and the average hours slept at night. This means that the fewer hours of sleep someone gets, the less alert they will be and visa versa. The reason for this would be that the body was not able to completely rest and regenerate itself as it should, so upon trying to function normally the following morning, it will not be able to perform to the best of the persons ability. The correlation between these two variables was 0.56, proving that getting the right amount of sleep does greatly affect attentiveness. The Relationship between Hours of Sleep and Academic Performance/Grades Jennifer Peszka, a psychologist, conducted a survey on freshman at Hendrix College in order to distinguish students as either owls (later nighters), or larks ( moderately early birds). 11 Sleep Debt | Sleep Deprivation. (2010, May 8). Google. Retrieved May 28, 2010, From there she looked at how that associated with the students Grade Point Average (GPA). Sure enough, the owls averaged at 2.84 while the larks earned 3.18.12 The results of the survey done for students at Iroquois Ridge High School ended up with a very similar outcome. Figure 6 (below) is a scatter plot that shows correlation between the students average in school and the average amount of sleep they get each night. Each student was asked to identify their average in school based on the intervals of 10 from 0% 100%. This data was then correlated with amount of sleep each student gets per night, for a correlation of approximately 63.9%. Figure 6 The results from this portion of the survey had very strong correlation between the students grade and amount of sleep they were getting. Ultimately, this means that students who get the recommended amount of sleep each night consistently, will be able to work to the best of their ability during school which should help their overall average. On the contrary, students who lack sleep have a decrease in both physical and mental performance. The correlation between both variables was 0.64, further proving the point that sleep deprivation can negatively impact ones academic performance. Future Work: If more time and resources were available to do the survey, it would have conducted much differently. Firstly, a larger group of students would be sampled to get a better grasp of 12 Park, A. (2009, June 10). Larks and Owls: How Sleep Habits Affect Grades. TIME.com. Retrieved May 28, 2010, the general population as oppose to just thirty-five students representing everyone. As mentioned before, a larger population will also help outweigh the response bias. The written portion of the survey would be kept online because that appeals to my target audience (teenagers). However, the questions will be more concise. This way, there can be shorter questions that target certain areas of the study. To make the survey more reliable, various voluntary respondents, all with different lifestyles, will have their academic performance measured based on their visible level of alertness, as well as their actual marks. After going through their regular daily routine and prepare to go to sleep at whatever time is normal for them, they will be monitored in their sleep using an Electroencephalography (EEG). This measures brain waves and if read properly, it can tell the observant which stage of sleep the person is in. Upon waking up at their normal time, the phase at which they were sleeping in until they were woken up will be able to be determined. With that, predictions can be made on the type of day the person will have due to their emotional, physical and mental behaviour. Medical Records of the surveyor as well as any information on their family history will be reviewed to get a better understanding of where they came from and what their health is like. Ambitions, goals, hobbies, failures, fears, successes and experiences (good or bad) will be discussed with each candidate in hopes of figuring out where their head is at. A factor that could have been tested would have been the level of discipline with each student whether itd be with oneself or at home from their parents/guardian in terms of school work and sleeping habits. This data could be collected simply by asking; however, physically accompanying the student and observing would be much more reliable. The importance of this topic is not as widely known as it should be. Students, parents and teachers need to be informed about the effects that sleep deprivation can have on not only students, but everybody. The negative impact sleep deprivation can have on someones body, whether its physical, mental and/or emotional, is alarming. Try combining all of those struggles and productively make it through a day of school. If the topic were to be further discussed, studied and brought to awareness, academic levels of children all around the world could increase. Not to mention a decrease in depression, mental illnesses, insomnia and more if people decide to change their sleeping patterns to better themselves. Conclusion: The relationship between the amount of sleep a person gets and their performance academically correspond to one another quite well. This summative and the statistical data as well as research within it proves that the less sleep a student has will typically result in lower grades. Whereas getting the right amount of sleep (but not too much) can positively influence their performance. The key is to get your required amount of sleep each night. For teenagers, that is anywhere between 8.5 to 9 hours of rest. Out of the students surveyed at Iroquois Ridge High School, 34% claimed to be getting the proper amount of sleep. Adolescents would greatly benefit from having a regular, consistent sleeping pattern throughout the week, including the weekend. Meaning they go to sleep and wake up at the same time every day. This helps their body clock run by routine. Not getting enough sleep can result of a number of illnesses which in turn, will affect not only the students marks but their health as well. 63% of students surveyed said they got less than the recommended length of rest time. In both Figure 5 and Figure 6, it is evident that this took a negative toll on the students alertness as well as grades in school. Due to not getting enough rest during the week, teenagers often catch up by sleeping in on weekends. Contrary to popular belief, it is not possible to make up for lost sleep whether itd be by napping or sleeping in on weekends. Getting too much sleep can cause Hypersomnia which leaves victims feeling drowsy all day after having 10 or more hours of sleep the night before. Only 3% of surveyors stated to be getting more sleep then they need. However, in correlation to alertness and marks, it did not seem to have much of a negative impact. If the subject were to be discussed and researched even further, conclusions as to what chemicals are released when they body is at rest can be drawn. With this information, medication and cures for sleeping disorders can be create d to help those who suffer. Generally speaking, sleep and performance seem to go hand in hand. Teenagers need to set up their body clocks so that there is a set routine, with consists of falling asleep and waking up at the same time every day. Ultimately this will result in better academic performance as well as health. Work Cited Gudbranson, C. (2000, June 7). Learning Disabilities Association of Canada Library and Archives. Learning Disabilities Association of Canada Activities. Retrieved May 27, 2010 Ivanenko, A. (n.d.). Sleep and Psychiatric Disorders in Children and Adolescents. Google Books. Retrieved May 27, 2010, PACFOLD. (n.d.). Highlights of Putting a Canadian Face. Retrieved May 27, 2010 Park, A. (2009, June 10). Larks and Owls: How Sleep Habits Affect Grades. TIME.com. Retrieved May 28, 2010 Performance Define Performance. (n.d.). Find the Meanings and Definitions of Words. Retrieved May 27, 2010 Pytel, B. (2007, October 4). Lack of Sleep Can Kill: How Dangerous Is Not Sleeping?. Student Health Issues. Retrieved May 28, 2010 Shields, M. (2005, November 16). Study: Insomnia. Statistics Canada. Retrieved May 27, 2010 Sleep Debt | Sleep Deprivation. (2010, May 8). Google. Retrieved May 28, 2010 Sleep Disorder Types and Symptoms. (n.d.). Sleep-Deprivation.com. Retrieved May 28, 2010 Stages of Sleep. (n.d.). Sleepdex Resources for better sleep. Retrieved May 27, 2010 Taras, H. (n.d.). Poor Sleep, Poor Grades. The National Parenting Center. Retrieved May 27, 2010 Why Catching Up on Sleep Doesnt Work. (2007, July 24). Cure:Insomnia . Retrieved May 27, 2010 Why Sleep is Important and What Happens When We Dont Get Enough. (n.d.). American Psychological Association. Retrieved May 28, 2010 Appendix A Appendix B